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Werner Markus was born in Düsseldorf, Germany on January 11, 1923. He grew up in a Jewish family during the tumultuous rise of the Nazi Party, witnessing the coming of war and fearing for the safety of his family and friends. In 1939, at the age of sixteen, Markus and his family, including his younger sister, fled Germany. The family escaped through the Netherlands, where they boarded a ship bound for the United States. Arriving in New York in August 1939, Markus worked as a farmer until his enlistment in the U.S. Army in September 1944. He became a natural